The Properties of Carboxylic acids, Primary amines and Amides

Typical Reactions

• The typical reactions for carboxylic acids are:
  Acid + Base Salt + Water

  For Example,

  CH₃COOH_(aq) + NaOH_(aq) CH₃COO^-Na⁺_(aq) + H₂O_(l)
  
  Acid + Carbonate Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water

  For Example,

  CH₃CH₂COOH_(aq) + Na₂CO_3(aq) CH₃CH₂COO^-Na⁺_(aq) + H₂O_(l) + CO_2(g)
  
  Acid + Metal Metal Salt + Hydrogen

  For Example,

  (COOH)_2(aq) + Mg_(s) (COOH)₂Mg_(aq) + H_2(g)
  
  Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol Ester + Water

  For Example,

  CH₃COOH_(aq) + CH₃CH₂OH_(aq) CH₃COOCH₂CH_{3 (aq)} + H₂O_(l)
  
• The reactions of the amines are:
  Amines and Acids

  For Example,

  CH₃NH_2(aq) + HCl_(aq) CH₃NH₃^+_(aq)
  
  Acylation

  For Example,

  CH₃CH₂NH_2(aq) + CH₃COCl_(aq) CH₃CONHCH₂CH_{3 (s)} + HCl_(aq)
  
• Reactions of the amides include:
  Saponification

  For Example,

  CH₃CONHC₆H_5(s) + NaOH_(aq) CH₃COO^-Na⁺_(aq) + C₆H₅NH_2(aq)
  
  Hydrolysis

  For Example,

  CH₃CONHC₆H_5(s) + HCl_(aq) + H₂O_(l) CH₃COOH_(aq) + C₆H₅NH₃⁺Cl^-_(aq)
  

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